Which of the following is the full medical term for diabetes?

Diabetes Mellitus is the correct full medical term for diabetes. This term describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which arises from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetes Mellitus encompasses two primary forms: Type 1, where there is an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, and Type 2, which is characterized by insulin resistance coupled with relative insulin deficiency.

Understanding this terminology is essential for healthcare professionals, as it helps in identifying the specific type of diabetes, its management, and potential complications. The word "Mellitus," derived from Latin meaning "honey-sweet," refers to the sweet-smelling urine that was historically noted in patients with this condition. This distinguishes it from other types of diabetes, like Diabetes Insipidus, which is a different condition related to water balance and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) dysfunction.

In summary, Diabetes Mellitus is the encompassing term for the most common form of diabetes, contrasting with other options that refer to different conditions or syndromes.