What type of headache is characterized by sudden onset and stiff neck?

The correct answer involves recognizing the symptoms and potential causes associated with sudden onset headache and a stiff neck. This combination of symptoms is concerning for meningitis, which is an inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis can present acutely with severe headache, neck stiffness, fever, and possibly altered mental status.

The sudden onset of headache in conjunction with a stiff neck can indicate irritation of the meninges, which is not typically seen in the other types of headaches mentioned. Tension headaches usually develop gradually and are often associated with muscle tightness rather than neurological signs. Migraines might cause significant headaches but aren't typically associated with neck stiffness as a defining characteristic. Cluster headaches are intensely painful but also don’t present with neck stiffness or can accompany systemic symptoms indicating infection.

Recognizing these symptoms together suggests a more serious condition, and it's crucial for anyone experiencing this presentation to seek immediate medical evaluation. Therefore, the association of sudden onset headache and stiff neck aligns with the concern for possible meningitis.