What laboratory test is critical for diagnosing pancreatitis?

The critical laboratory test for diagnosing pancreatitis is lipase. This enzyme is produced by the pancreas and is released into the bloodstream when there is an injury to the pancreas or in the presence of inflammation, such as in acute pancreatitis. Elevated levels of lipase in the blood are strongly indicative of pancreatitis, often more specific and sensitive than amylase.

While amylase is another enzyme that can be elevated in pancreatitis, it is less specific, as it can also be elevated in other conditions such as salivary gland issues or gastrointestinal perforation. Similarly, AST and ALT are liver enzymes primarily used to assess liver function and detect liver diseases, rather than pancreatic conditions. Blood glucose levels can also be affected in cases of pancreatitis, particularly if there is significant damage to the insulin-producing cells, but they are not specific for diagnosing the condition. Therefore, measuring lipase provides the most direct and reliable indication for diagnosing pancreatitis.