What does "nuchal rigidity" refer to in a clinical context?

Nuchal rigidity specifically refers to the stiffness of the neck, which is often clinically assessed during the examination of a patient for signs of meningitis or other neurological conditions. When a clinician checks for nuchal rigidity, they may perform a test where the patient is asked to flex their neck forward. In the presence of meningeal irritation, this movement will elicit discomfort or resistance, indicating that the neck muscles are stiff. This stiffness arises due to inflammation or irritation in the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, which can occur in various infectious or inflammatory diseases. Understanding nuchal rigidity is critical in assessing patients with potential central nervous system infections, as it helps guide further diagnostic approaches and management strategies.